What Is Cauliflower Ear?

Cauliflower ear is a term that often conjures images of tough athletes in contact sports, but what exactly is it? John Hilinski M.D. Plastic Surgery in San Diego, CA, explores the causes, symptoms and treatment options for cauliflower ear to provide a clearer understanding of this unique condition.

What Causes Cauliflower Ear?

Cauliflower ear is primarily caused by trauma to the outer ear, particularly the cartilage. When the ear suffers a significant impact or repeated injury—common in sports like wrestling, boxing, rugby and mixed martial arts—the blood vessels in the ear may rupture. This leads to a build-up of blood (hematoma) between the cartilage and the skin.

If not treated promptly, the body reabsorbs the blood, but the cartilage can degenerate and die due to a lack of blood supply. The result is a thickening and deformation of the ear, taking on a bumpy, lumpy appearance reminiscent of a cauliflower, hence the name.

Also called “post-traumatic ear deformity,” “Cauliflower Ear” was first used in popular magazines in 1905 to describe the ears of heavyweight boxers. The medical profession adopted the term in 1911. Oddly, statues of Hercules sometimes depict him with cauliflower ears. 

Symptoms of Cauliflower Ear

The symptoms of cauliflower ear can be fairly straightforward:

• Swelling: The ear will appear swollen and may be tender to the touch shortly after the injury.
• Discoloration: There may be bruising or a change in color of the ear due to blood accumulation.
• Pain: Initially, the area can be painful, especially when touched.
• Deformity: If the condition is left untreated, the ear will develop a permanent bumpy appearance over time.

How Is Post-Traumatic Ear Deformity Treated?

Dr. John Hilinski, an ear surgeon based in San Diego, California, specializes in advanced surgical techniques for addressing cauliflower ear deformities. He is recognized for his expertise in ear reduction and otoplasty. Dr. Hilinski adopts a personalized approach for each patient, taking into account their unique anatomy and cosmetic desires. Treatment for cauliflower ear largely depends on the severity and timing of the injury. Here are some common approaches:

1. Immediate Care: If you suspect an injury to the ear, it’s crucial to seek medical attention right away. A doctor can drain any accumulated blood to minimize damage.
2. Compression: After drainage, a compressive dressing may be applied to prevent further fluid accumulation. It’s important to follow through with aftercare as advised by a healthcare professional.
3. Surgery: In cases where the ear has already developed a deformity, surgical intervention may be required. This can involve removing the damaged tissue and reconstructing the ear for a more normal appearance.
4. Cartilage Grafting: In severe cases of significant cartilage loss, Dr. Hilinski may use cartilage grafting to rebuild the ear structure. 

San Diego CA Cauliflower Ear Surgery

Preventing cauliflower ear is essential for athletes and those involved in contact sports. While it may seem like a badge of honor for some, it can lead to lasting changes in the appearance of the ear and potential complications. Prompt treatment is key to preventing the long-term effects of this condition. If you or someone you know experiences ear trauma, contact John Hilinski M.D. Plastic Surgery in San Diego to schedule an exam and consultation.